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Related Concept Videos

Erythropoiesis01:14

Erythropoiesis

Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia, and...
Translation01:31

Translation

Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Erythropoiesis01:14

Erythropoiesis

Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia, and...
Lifecycle of Erythrocytes01:22

Lifecycle of Erythrocytes

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, constantly move through blood capillaries. As a result, they damage their plasma membrane due to the continuous friction. Typically, after 100 to 120 days, erythrocytes become rigid and fragile as they wear out. As they pass through small vessels in the spleen and liver, they can get trapped and break apart into fragments.
The resident phagocytic macrophages deal with these damaged cells by engulfing them and separating their globin and heme groups.
Disorders of Erythrocytes01:27

Disorders of Erythrocytes

Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...
Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis01:24

Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis

The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
Several factors influence the erythrocyte production rate, with tissue oxygen level being among the most critical. Intense exercise or high altitudes can cause tissue hypoxia, which triggers the kidneys to release more erythropoietin (EPO) into the bloodstream.
EPO then...

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Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload
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Runner's anemia.

C V Dang1

  • 1Ross Research Bldg, Room 1025, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. cvdang@jhmi.edu

JAMA
|August 10, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Runner's anemia, characterized by mild anemia in endurance athletes, results from plasma volume expansion and red blood cell breakdown. Recognizing this condition can prevent unnecessary diagnostic procedures for fatigue in runners.

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Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload
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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Macrocytic anemia presents with fatigue, prompting differential diagnoses from nutritional deficits to myelodysplastic syndromes.
  • Endurance athletes may present with anemia, requiring careful consideration of specific etiologies beyond common causes.

Observation:

  • Runner's anemia is identified through a detailed patient history, particularly in long-distance runners.
  • Key indicators include plasma volume expansion, exercise-induced hemolysis, and hemoglobinuria.
  • Gastrointestinal blood loss can be a contributing factor to anemia in this population.

Findings:

  • Runner's anemia is a distinct diagnosis characterized by mild anemia that is generally well-tolerated by affected individuals.
  • The condition arises from the physical stress of repetitive impact, leading to intravascular hemolysis and subsequent hemoglobin release.

Implications:

  • Early identification of runner's anemia can significantly reduce the need for extensive and potentially invasive diagnostic testing.
  • Awareness of this condition aids clinicians in providing accurate diagnoses and appropriate management for fatigued athletes.
  • This understanding is crucial for differentiating runner's anemia from more serious hematological disorders.