Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Nonconscious Mimicry

Nonconscious Mimicry

Nonconscious mimicry occurs when individuals alter their mannerisms to match the behaviors and expressions of those nearby, without intention.

Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System

Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System

A signaling cascade is a series of events that facilitates the transmission of information within or between cells, culminating in a targeted response in the recipient cell. As chemical messengers, hormones are pivotal in initiating and modulating these intricate signaling cascades based on their solubility.
Lipid-soluble hormones, such as steroid hormones, demonstrate an intracellular action. These hormones traverse cell membranes due to their lipid nature. Once inside the target cell, they...

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

High-Level and Low-Level Awareness

Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...

Altered States of Awareness

Altered States of Awareness

Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
The ingestion of substances like stimulants or hallucinogens leads to chemical alterations in the brain that...

Subconsciousness and No Awareness

Subconsciousness and No Awareness

The concept of subconscious awareness refers to the processing of information below the level of conscious thought, which significantly influences both behaviors and decisions. It is also known as waking subconscious awareness. This complex level of cognition operates without the direct awareness of the individual, facilitating rapid and simultaneous handling of multiple information streams.
An illustrative example of subconscious processing is its role in problem-solving. Often, individuals...

Gut-Brain Axis

Gut-Brain Axis

The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Effect of cholesterol re-supplementation and atorvastatin on plaque composition in the thoracic aorta of New Zealand white rabbits.

BMC cardiovascular disorders·2020

Same author

A Simple Innovative Technique for Managing Large Cystic Benign Adnexal Masses Using Single Port Laparoscopic Surgery.

Journal of minimally invasive gynecology·2016

Same author

Predicting Outcomes in Locally-Advanced Rectal Cancer Using Pretreatment FDG-PET Imaging.

Practical radiation oncology·2014

Same author

Turnover of the D1 protein and of Photosystem II in a Synechocystis 6803 mutant lacking Tyrz.

Photosynthesis research·2013

Same author

Reply from m. Heino, j.a.j. Metz and v. Kaitala.

Trends in ecology & evolution·2011

Same author

Toxicity data for preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy with oxaliplatin and continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil for locally advanced esophageal cancer.

Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus·2010

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2026

Method for Simultaneous fMRI/EEG Data Collection during a Focused Attention Suggestion for Differential Thermal Sensation

Method for Simultaneous fMRI/EEG Data Collection during a Focused Attention Suggestion for Differential Thermal Sensation

Published on: January 5, 2014

Sustained human chemosignal unconsciously alters brain function.

S Jacob¹, L H Kinnunen, J Metz

¹Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, 5730 South Woodlawn Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

|August 10, 2001

Summary

The human chemosignal Delta-4,16-androstadien-3-one (androstadienone) influences brain glucose metabolism in emotional and attentional networks. These effects occur even without conscious odor detection, impacting psychological state.

More Related Videos

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice

Published on: June 19, 2019

Real-time Analysis of Gut-brain Neural Communication: Cortex wide Calcium Dynamics in Response to Intestinal Glucose Stimulation

Real-time Analysis of Gut-brain Neural Communication: Cortex wide Calcium Dynamics in Response to Intestinal Glucose Stimulation

Published on: December 29, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 25, 2026

Method for Simultaneous fMRI/EEG Data Collection during a Focused Attention Suggestion for Differential Thermal Sensation

Method for Simultaneous fMRI/EEG Data Collection during a Focused Attention Suggestion for Differential Thermal Sensation

Published on: January 5, 2014

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice

Published on: June 19, 2019

Real-time Analysis of Gut-brain Neural Communication: Cortex wide Calcium Dynamics in Response to Intestinal Glucose Stimulation

Real-time Analysis of Gut-brain Neural Communication: Cortex wide Calcium Dynamics in Response to Intestinal Glucose Stimulation

Published on: December 29, 2023

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Human Pheromones
Brain Metabolism

Background:

Human chemosignals are airborne substances influencing behavior and psychological state.
Delta-4,16-androstadien-3-one (androstadienone) is a candidate human chemosignal.
The neural pathways and metabolic effects of androstadienone are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of androstadienone on human brain glucose utilization.
To determine if androstadienone affects brain regions beyond primary olfactory areas.
To explore the relationship between chemosignal exposure, brain metabolism, and psychological state.

Main Methods:

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans were used to measure cerebral glucose metabolism.
Participants were exposed to androstadienone under controlled conditions.
Brain activity was analyzed in both subcortical and neocortical regions.

Main Results:

Androstadienone significantly altered glucose metabolism in subcortical brain regions.
Changes in glucose utilization were also observed in neocortical areas not solely related to olfaction.
These widespread metabolic changes suggest modulation of integrated neural networks.

Conclusions:

Androstadienone impacts brain metabolism in areas regulating emotional and attentional states.
The effects of this human chemosignal are distributed across the brain, even when not consciously perceived.
This study provides evidence for the influence of chemosignals on brain function and psychological states.