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Use of capillary electrophoresis to quantitate carbamylated hemoglobin concentrations in dogs with renal failure
R Heiene1, P R Vulliet, R L Williams
1Center for Companion Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
Insights
Carbamylated hemoglobin (CarbHb) can be quantified in dogs using capillary electrophoresis. This method helps diagnose azotemia causes by assessing long-term urea exposure.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Analytical Chemistry
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Azotemia in dogs presents diagnostic challenges.
- Quantifying hemoglobin derivatives can offer insights into metabolic status.
- Carbamylated hemoglobin (CarbHb) is a marker of urea exposure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate capillary electrophoresis (CE) for quantifying CarbHb in dogs.
- To assess CarbHb levels for diagnosing azotemia and evaluating urea exposure.
Main Methods:
- Blood samples from dogs with renal failure, diabetes mellitus, and controls were analyzed.
- A commercial system for HbA1c analysis was adapted for CarbHb separation using CE.
- Hemoglobin derivatives were resolved and quantified.
Main Results:
- CE successfully separated and quantified CarbHb.
- Glycohemoglobin (GlycHb) did not interfere with CarbHb analysis.
- Dogs with chronic renal failure showed significantly higher CarbHb levels.
Conclusions:
- Capillary electrophoresis provides a reliable method for quantifying canine CarbHb.
- CarbHb quantification aids in the differential diagnosis of azotemia in dogs.
Objective:
To evaluate quantification of the amount of carbamylated hemoglobin (CarbHb), using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and a new dynamic capillary coating system to separate hemoglobin derivatives, and to assess the use of CarbHb amounts to evaluate long-term urea exposure and differential diagnoses of azotemia in dogs.
Animals:
8 dogs with renal failure, 2 dogs with diabetes mellitus, and 7 control dogs.
Procedure:
Optimal analytic conditions for separation of CarbHb and other hemoglobin derivatives in blood samples obtained from dogs were determined, using a commercial analysis system developed for the detection of glycohemoglobin Hb A1c (GlycHb) in human blood samples. Relative content of hemoglobin derivatives in blood from 10 dogs with renal failure or endocrine diseases were compared with values for 7 dogs without renal or endocrine diseases.
Results:
Satisfactory resolution of hemoglobin derivatives was obtained, which permitted identification and quantitation of the amount of CarbHb as a percentage of the total amount of hemoglobin. Normal or increased amounts of GlycHb did not interfere with CarbHb analysis. Dogs with chronic renal failure had considerably higher peak amounts of CarbHb than dogs with acute renal failure, a dog with chronic renal failure that was treated by use of hemodialysis, or dogs without renal disease.
Conclusions And Clinical Relevance:
Amounts of CarbHb in blood samples obtained from dogs can be readily quantified by use of capillary electrophoresis. Assessment of the amount of CarbHb can be used to facilitate evaluation of the cause of azotemia in dogs.
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