TorsinA: movement at many levels
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Updated: Oct 5, 2026

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface
Published on: May 8, 2021
X O Breakefield1, C Kamm, P I Hanson
1Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02129, Boston, MA, USA. breakefield@helix.mgh.harvard.edu
Abstract:
TorsinA is the causative protein in the human neurologic disease early onset torsin dystonia, a movement disorder involving dysfunction in the basal ganglia without apparent neurodegeneration. Most cases result from a dominantly acting three-base pair deletion in the TOR1A gene causing loss of a glutamic acid near the carboxyl terminus of torsinA. Torsins are members of the AAA(+) superfamily of ATPases and are present in all multicellular organisms. Initial studies suggest that torsinA is an ER protein involved in chaperone functions and/or membrane movement.
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