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Increasing voluntary HIV testing by offering oral tests in incarcerated populations
R L Bauserman1, M A Ward, L Eldred
1AIDS Administration, Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 500 N Calvert St, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA. bausermanr@dhmh.state.md.us
American Journal of Public Health
|August 14, 2001
Summary
Oral HIV testing in correctional facilities was well-received by incarcerated individuals, increasing access to testing for those who might otherwise refuse. This method particularly benefits males and African Americans, groups disproportionately affected by HIV.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Disease Prevention
Background:
- Correctional facilities are settings with a high prevalence of HIV.
- Incarcerated populations often face barriers to accessing healthcare, including HIV testing.
- Voluntary HIV testing is crucial for early detection and linkage to care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the acceptance and effectiveness of voluntary oral HIV testing among incarcerated individuals.
- To compare oral HIV testing with traditional blood testing in a correctional setting.
- To identify demographic and risk factor associations with HIV test choice.
Main Methods:
- A study involving 1314 males and females in Maryland detention and juvenile justice facilities.
- Participants chose between oral and blood HIV testing.
- Reactions to oral HIV testing were recorded and analyzed.
Main Results:
- Oral HIV testing received highly favorable participant reactions.
- Some individuals indicated they would not have tested without the oral option.
- Oral test users were more likely to be male and African American.
- No significant differences in HIV risk factors or seroprevalence were found between oral and blood test groups.
Conclusions:
- Oral HIV testing can enhance voluntary HIV screening uptake in correctional settings.
- This approach may reach individuals who would otherwise avoid testing.
- It is particularly beneficial for reaching males and African Americans, who are disproportionately impacted by HIV.