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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Multicellular Human Alveolar Model Composed of Epithelial Cells and Primary Immune Cells for Hazard Assessment
09:27

Multicellular Human Alveolar Model Composed of Epithelial Cells and Primary Immune Cells for Hazard Assessment

Published on: May 6, 2020

Hepatitis-associated-antigen-positive hepatitis in a tuberculosis unit.

G R Fitzgerald, H Grimes, M Reynolds

    Gut
    |June 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    An outbreak of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occurred in a tuberculosis unit. Control measures, including isolation and improved hygiene, successfully prevented further spread of this infectious hepatitis.

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    Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells
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    Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

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    A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target
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    A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target

    Published on: May 10, 2022

    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a significant public health challenge.
    • Hospital-acquired infections can lead to outbreaks, particularly in vulnerable patient populations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe an outbreak of hepatitis B-associated antigen (HBsAg)-positive hepatitis in a male pulmonary tuberculosis unit.
    • To investigate the transmission dynamics and control measures for HBV in a hospital setting.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective study of 64 patients in a hospital unit.
    • Serological testing for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).
    • Clinical monitoring for hepatitis development and carrier states.

    Main Results:

    • 37 out of 64 patients were HBsAg positive.
    • Hepatitis developed in at least 20 patients, with 11 experiencing jaundice.
    • HBV spread to hospital staff and household contacts, with 5 household contacts developing jaundice.
    • Non-parenteral transmission was suspected, though the origin remained undetected.
    • A carrier state developed in 15 of 24 HBsAg-positive patients followed for over six months.

    Conclusions:

    • Hospital-acquired HBV outbreaks can occur and spread to the community.
    • Isolation of HBsAg-positive cases and enhanced hygiene measures are crucial for outbreak control.
    • Further investigation into non-parenteral transmission routes is warranted.