Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 31, 2026
11:10
Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice
Published on: November 16, 2011
Mealtime glucose regulation in type 2 diabetes
1Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-003000 Helsinki, Finland.
International Journal of Clinical Practice
|August 15, 2001
Summary
Effective glucose control is key for type 2 diabetes. Focusing on mealtime glucose regulation and new treatments can prevent long-term diabetic complications.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Diseases
- Diabetes Management
Background:
- Glucose control is central to managing type 2 diabetes and preventing complications.
- Emerging evidence highlights post-mealtime glucose spikes as an independent risk factor.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review evidence on the impact of post-mealtime glucose spikes.
- To discuss strategies for improved mealtime glucose regulation.
- To explore new therapeutic options for comprehensive glycemic control.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on glucose control and diabetic complications.
- Analysis of evidence linking post-mealtime hyperglycemia to micro- and macrovascular issues.
- Discussion of novel treatment modalities targeting postprandial insulin profiles.
Main Results:
- Post-mealtime glucose spikes may independently contribute to diabetic complications.
- Enhanced focus on mealtime glucose regulation is crucial for effective management.
- New treatments aim to mimic physiological insulin responses.
Conclusions:
- Comprehensive glycemic control requires addressing post-mealtime glucose excursions.
- Targeting mealtime glucose spikes can improve prevention of micro- and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes.
- Novel therapeutic strategies offer improved tools for glycaemic management.
Related Concept Videos
01:36Carbohydrate Metabolism
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
01:02Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose
Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
01:24Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
01:25Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
01:29Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...