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Radiation therapy for oncological emergencies.

V Donato1, P Bonfili, N Bulzonetti

  • 1Istituto di Radiologia, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Policlinico Umberto I, Italy.

Anticancer Research
|August 15, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Hypofractionated radiation therapy is effective for oncological emergencies like superior vena cava syndrome, spinal cord compression, and endocranial hypertension. Different radiotherapy schedules showed similar efficacy, improving patient quality of life and survival.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Radiation therapy is crucial for managing oncological emergencies.
  • Conditions include superior vena cava syndrome, spinal cord compression, and endocranial hypertension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare different hypofractionated radiation therapy schedules.
  • To confirm the efficacy of hypofractionated radiation therapy in oncological emergencies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 43 patients with SVC syndrome, 37 with spinal cord compression, and 108 with endocranial hypertension.
  • Various hypofractionated radiotherapy schedules were administered, including 4 Gy x 5 (20 Gy), 3 Gy x 10 (30 Gy), and single/split doses (8-16 Gy).
  • Some patients with spinal cord compression also underwent surgery and radiotherapy.

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Main Results:

  • Partial remission for SVC syndrome: 73.9% (20 Gy) and 75% (30 Gy).
  • Symptomatic relief for spinal cord compression: 73.3% (30 Gy), 66.6% (20 Gy), and 70% (8 Gy).
  • Symptomatic relief for endocranial hypertension: 64.1% (12 Gy) and 63.3% (30 Gy).

Conclusions:

  • No significant difference in efficacy was observed among the compared radiotherapy schedules.
  • Radiotherapy is vital for oncological emergencies, enhancing quality of life and survival in responders.
  • Histology, pretreatment, and performance status are key prognostic factors for treatment response.