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Prevalence of urinary incontinence in middle-aged and older women: a survey-based methodological experiment.

N H Fultz¹, A R Herzog

¹Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, USA. nfultz@umich.edu

Journal of Aging and Health

|August 16, 2001

Summary

Survey question context significantly impacts self-reported urinary incontinence rates. Tailoring survey introductions and probes can improve reporting accuracy, especially for older adults, leading to more reliable prevalence estimates.

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Epidemiology
Survey Methodology

Background:

Urinary incontinence affects a significant portion of the population, with prevalence estimates varying widely across studies.
The reasons for this variability are not fully understood but may include differences in survey methodologies and reporting biases.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether the context of survey questions influences self-reports of urinary incontinence.
To determine if specific survey designs can mitigate reporting biases and improve the accuracy of prevalence data.

Main Methods:

A nationally representative telephone survey was conducted with respondents randomly assigned to one of two questionnaire forms.
Both forms used identical incontinence questions, but one included an introductory statement and follow-up probe acknowledging embarrassment and emphasizing reporting importance.

Main Results:

The questionnaire form with the introduction and probe yielded a significantly higher prevalence rate of urinary incontinence.
This effect demonstrated an interaction with respondent age, indicating differential impact based on age group.

Conclusions:

Survey context is a critical factor that can lead to underestimation of incontinence prevalence if not carefully considered.
The age-specific interaction highlights the need for sensitive survey design in studies of incontinence risk factors and prevalence.