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Related Experiment Videos

Principle explanation and strategic schema abstraction in problem solving.

A B Bernardo1

  • 1College of Education, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines. claabb@dlsu.edu.ph

Memory & Cognition
|August 16, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Schema acquisition in probability problems depends on how principles are explained and how students practice. Abstract explanations pair best with problem comparison, while embedded explanations suit problem construction for better learning.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Learning Sciences

Background:

  • Effective schema acquisition is crucial for novice problem-solvers to develop advanced representations.
  • Understanding how learning strategies impact schema acquisition is key to instructional design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of strategic schema-acquisition tasks (problem comparison vs. problem construction) on learning.
  • To examine how the method of principle explanation (abstract vs. embedded) influences schema acquisition.
  • To determine the interaction between task type and explanation method for optimal learning outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Ninety-eight subjects studied probability problems presented via abstract or embedded principle explanations.
  • Participants were assigned to either a problem comparison or problem construction task.

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  • Schema acquisition was assessed by presenting novel analogous problems for solution.

    • Main Results:

    • When abstract principle explanations were used, problem comparison led to better schema acquisition.
    • With embedded principle explanations, problem construction resulted in superior schema acquisition.
    • A significant interaction was found between the method of principle explanation and the strategic task.

    Conclusions:

    • The effectiveness of schema-acquisition tasks is contingent on their alignment with the principle explanation method.
    • Instructional strategies should be tailored to fit the presentation of information and subsequent learning processes.
    • Optimizing the fit between explanation and task can enhance schema acquisition for novice problem solvers.