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Nitric oxide: biphasic dose responses.

E J Calabrese1

  • 1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA. edwardc@schoolph.umass.edu

Critical Reviews in Toxicology
|August 16, 2001
PubMed
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Nitric oxide (NO) commonly causes biphasic dose responses across many biological systems, influencing functions from cell differentiation to organ contraction. These NO-induced effects often show a modest stimulatory range, highlighting a frequent biological phenomenon.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is a critical signaling molecule involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes.
  • Understanding the dose-response relationships of NO is crucial for its therapeutic and toxicological assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the capacity of nitric oxide (NO) to induce biphasic dose responses in various pharmacological and toxicological systems.
  • To document and analyze the characteristics of NO-mediated biphasic responses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of documented biphasic dose-response studies involving nitric oxide.
  • Quantitative assessment of the stimulatory range and magnitude of NO-induced effects.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Biphasic dose-response relationships were observed in diverse systems, including osteoclast differentiation, vascular tone, neutrophil migration, and myocardial contraction.
  • The maximum stimulatory response was typically less than twofold above control levels.
  • While the stimulatory range varied (2.5 to 500-fold), most responses were within a 10-fold increase.

Conclusions:

  • Biphasic dose-response relationships are a common and characteristic feature of nitric oxide's biological effects.
  • These findings underscore the complex regulatory roles of NO in physiological and toxicological contexts.