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Dopamine: biphasic dose responses.

E J Calabrese1

  • 1Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA. edwardc@schoolph.umass.edu

Critical Reviews in Toxicology
|August 16, 2001
PubMed
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Dopamine agonists cause biphasic dose-response effects across various physiological functions in multiple species. These dual actions, both stimulatory and inhibitory, are mediated by distinct dopamine receptors.

Area of Science:

  • Neuropharmacology
  • Endocrinology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter influencing numerous physiological processes.
  • Understanding dopamine's complex actions is crucial for various medical fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dose-response relationships of dopamine and its agonists.
  • To identify the range and variability of dopamine-induced effects across different endpoints and species.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on dopamine and agonist studies.
  • Analysis of reported dose-response data for various physiological endpoints.
  • Examination of mechanistic studies investigating dopamine receptor signaling.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Dopamine and its agonists consistently induce biphasic dose-response relationships.
  • Observed effects span locomotion, pain sensitivity, blood pressure, hormone release (prolactin, oxytocin), heart rate, memory, and neuronal activity.
  • Responses, while variable in magnitude (10 to 80% change), were reported in rats, mice, dogs, monkeys, and humans.
  • Stimulatory effects ranged from 10-fold for memory and blood pressure to 10^8-fold for oxytocin release.

Conclusions:

  • Dopamine's diverse effects are mediated by distinct receptors or receptor subtypes with opposing actions.
  • These findings highlight the complex pharmacology of dopamine signaling.
  • The biphasic nature of dopamine responses has significant implications for drug development and therapeutic strategies.