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Climate and head form in India.

S Bharati1, S Som, P Bharati

  • 1Sociological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta, India.

American Journal of Human Biology : the Official Journal of the Human Biology Council
|August 16, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Head shape varies across Indian populations, with longer heads in tropical areas and rounder heads in temperate zones. These differences, particularly in Scheduled Tribes and Scheduled Castes, suggest climatic adaptation in head form.

Area of Science:

  • Anthropology
  • Human Evolution
  • Biogeography

Background:

  • Human populations exhibit diverse physical traits.
  • Cranial morphology is influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
  • India's diverse geography presents varied climatic zones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between head form and climate across Indian populations.
  • To analyze cephalic index variations among different tribal and caste groups.
  • To explore potential climatic adaptation models for head shape differences.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of cephalic index data.
  • Population stratification based on tribal and caste identities.
  • Geographic zonation according to climatic conditions (tropical vs. temperate).

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Main Results:

  • Significant variations in cephalic index were observed across different climatic zones in India.
  • Dolicocephalic (longer) head forms are prevalent in tropical zones.
  • Mesocephalic or brachycephalic (rounder) head forms are more common in temperate zones, especially among Scheduled Tribes (ST) and Scheduled Castes (SC).

Conclusions:

  • Head form differences among Indian populations correlate with climatic variations.
  • Findings support a climatic adaptation model for head shape, particularly influencing ST and SC groups.
  • Cranial morphology may reflect evolutionary responses to environmental pressures.