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[Abnormalities of the pericardium].

N N Malinovskiĭ, I I Platov

    Khirurgiia
    |August 17, 2001
    PubMed
    Summary

    Rare pericardial malformations, including absence of the pericardium, are uncommon. While complete absence often requires no surgery, partial defects need intervention to prevent fatal outcomes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Thoracic Surgery
    • Developmental Biology

    Background:

    • Pericardial malformations and celomic pericardial cysts (CPC) are rare congenital anomalies.
    • Literature review indicates a significant number of reported cases, with authors contributing to the case count.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and analyze the incidence and characteristics of rare pericardial malformations and CPC.
    • To delineate management strategies for different types of pericardial defects.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic literature review of reported cases of pericardial malformations and CPC up to the year 2000.
    • Analysis of defect types, patient demographics, and clinical presentations.

    Main Results:

    • 187 rare pericardial malformations and 1047 CPC cases identified in the literature.
    • Complete absence of the pericardium occurred in 9.6% of cases, with left-sided absence being more common (40.6%) and prevalent in males.
    • Partial pericardial defects were observed in 30.48% of malformation cases, with left-sided defects being significantly more frequent than right-sided ones.

    Conclusions:

    • Absence of the pericardium or its hemifield typically does not necessitate surgical intervention.
    • Partial pericardial defects require surgical repair (suturing or plastic closure) to mitigate risks of strangulation and mortality.
    • Celomic pericardial cysts are often asymptomatic, but symptomatic cases may present with dyspnea or palpitations; cystectomy is an effective treatment.

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