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Chromium diffusion and reduction in soil aggregates.

T K Tokunaga1, J Wan, M K Firestone

  • 1Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. tktokunaga@lbl.gov

Environmental Science & Technology
|August 17, 2001
PubMed
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Chromium contamination in soils is often limited to the surface of soil aggregates. Organic carbon availability drives rapid chromium reduction, restricting its transport distances within soil environments.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Metal contaminants like chromium exhibit localized distribution in soils.
  • Transport limitations and redox gradients within soil aggregates influence chromium's fate.
  • Understanding chromium's behavior is crucial for soil remediation and environmental protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the influence of organic carbon (OC) and redox potentials on chromium transport distances.
  • To investigate the impact of these factors on microbial community composition.
  • To elucidate the interdependent effects of diffusion, redox potentials, and microbial activity on chromium reduction.

Main Methods:

  • Soil columns were used to simulate transects into soil aggregates.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measurements of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) diffusion and reduction to trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) were performed.
  • Micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (micro-XANES) spectroscopy was employed to obtain depth profiles of Cr(VI) and Cr(III).

    • Main Results:

    • Chromium reduction kinetics and transport distances were strongly related to organic carbon availability.
    • Increased OC led to rapid Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III) over short distances (mm).
    • Shallow diffusion depths (2-10 mm) and sharp diffusion fronts were observed in OC-amended columns.

    Conclusions:

    • Chromium contamination in soils can be confined to the exterior of soil aggregates.
    • Localized transport and rapid reduction, influenced by OC and redox conditions, control chromium's distribution.
    • Bulk soil sample characterization is insufficient for understanding chromium's biogeochemical processes in aggregates.