Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
The Photochemical Reaction Center01:29

The Photochemical Reaction Center

Reaction centers are pigment-protein complexes that initiate energy conversion from photons to chemical entities. Therefore, photochemical reaction center is a more appropriate term that describes these complexes. The Nobel laureates Robert Emerson and William Arnold provided the first experimental evidence of photochemical reaction centers by demonstrating the participation of nearly 2,500 chlorophyll molecules for the release of just one molecule of oxygen. Despite thousands of photosynthetic...
Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect02:35

Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions-Peroxide Effect

In the presence of organic peroxides, the addition of hydrogen bromide to an alkene yields the isomer that is not predicted by Markovnikov’s rule. For example, the addition of hydrogen bromide to 2-methylpropene in the presence of peroxides gives 1-bromo-2-methylpropane. This addition reaction proceeds via a free radical mechanism, which reverses the regioselectivity. The free radical reaction mechanism involves three stages: initiation, propagation, and termination.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene01:15

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene

Chlorination and bromination are important classes of electrophilic aromatic substitutions, where benzene reacts with chlorine or bromine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to give halogenated substitution products. A Lewis acid such as aluminium chloride or ferric chloride catalyzes the chlorination, and ferric bromide catalyzes the bromination reactions. During the bromination of alkenes, bromine polarizes and becomes electrophilic. However, in the bromination of benzene, the bromine...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Automated 3D-printed unibody immunoarray for chemiluminescence detection of cancer biomarker proteins.

Lab on a chip·2017
Same author

Bioconjugation of Antibodies and Enzyme Labels onto Magnetic Beads.

Methods in enzymology·2016
Same author

Paper-based electrochemical immunoassay for rapid, inexpensive cancer biomarker protein detection.

Analytical methods : advancing methods and applications·2014
Same author

EPR and optical changes of the photosystem II reaction center produced by low temperature illumination.

Photosynthesis research·2014
Same author

Linear dichroism of single crystals of the reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides wild type strain 2.4.1.

Photosynthesis research·2014
Same author

Absorption and linear dichroism spectroscopy at room and low temperatures of single crystals of the B800-850 light-harvesting complex from Rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 10050.

Photosynthesis research·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Synthesis, Assembly, and Characterization of Monolayer Protected Gold Nanoparticle Films for Protein Monolayer Electrochemistry
14:18

Synthesis, Assembly, and Characterization of Monolayer Protected Gold Nanoparticle Films for Protein Monolayer Electrochemistry

Published on: October 4, 2011

Influence of bromide on electrochemistry of photosynthetic reaction center films on gold electrodes.

Z Gao1, H A Frank, Y M Lvov

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 06269-3060, USA.

Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|August 17, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Bromide ions strongly influenced voltammetry of photosynthetic reaction center (RC) protein films. Previous studies may have been skewed by bromide ion adsorption/desorption, affecting observed electrochemical signals.

More Related Videos

Single Liposome Measurements for the Study of Proton-Pumping Membrane Enzymes Using Electrochemistry and Fluorescent Microscopy
12:15

Single Liposome Measurements for the Study of Proton-Pumping Membrane Enzymes Using Electrochemistry and Fluorescent Microscopy

Published on: February 21, 2019

Electrochemical Preparation of Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Layers on Gold Microelectrodes for Uric Acid-Sensing Applications
10:48

Electrochemical Preparation of Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Layers on Gold Microelectrodes for Uric Acid-Sensing Applications

Published on: July 28, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Synthesis, Assembly, and Characterization of Monolayer Protected Gold Nanoparticle Films for Protein Monolayer Electrochemistry
14:18

Synthesis, Assembly, and Characterization of Monolayer Protected Gold Nanoparticle Films for Protein Monolayer Electrochemistry

Published on: October 4, 2011

Single Liposome Measurements for the Study of Proton-Pumping Membrane Enzymes Using Electrochemistry and Fluorescent Microscopy
12:15

Single Liposome Measurements for the Study of Proton-Pumping Membrane Enzymes Using Electrochemistry and Fluorescent Microscopy

Published on: February 21, 2019

Electrochemical Preparation of Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Layers on Gold Microelectrodes for Uric Acid-Sensing Applications
10:48

Electrochemical Preparation of Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Layers on Gold Microelectrodes for Uric Acid-Sensing Applications

Published on: July 28, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Layered films of photosynthetic reaction center (RC) protein and polyions on gold electrodes are used in electrochemical studies.
  • Previous electrochemical analyses of these films may have been influenced by experimental conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of bromide ions on the voltammetry of RC-polyion films.
  • To re-evaluate previous findings in light of potential bromide ion interference.

Main Methods:

  • Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was performed on layered films of RC protein and polyions on gold electrodes.
  • Experiments were conducted in buffer solutions with and without bromide ions.

Main Results:

  • Bromide ions significantly influenced the cyclic voltammetry (CV) of RC-polyion films.
  • Similar, but not identical, CV peaks were observed in the presence of bromide, regardless of RC presence.
  • RC films exhibited distinct CVs in the absence of bromide, indicating bromide's strong effect.

Conclusions:

  • Bromide ion adsorption/desorption can cause significant background peaks in the voltammetry of RC-polyion films.
  • Published results on these systems may be biased due to unacknowledged bromide ion interference.
  • Careful control of bromide ion concentration is crucial for accurate electrochemical studies of RC films.