Epidural emphysema associated with primary spontaneous pneumothorax

A 21-year-old male patient was admitted with spontaneous pneumothorax, and no history of asthma. Closed drainage treatment was unsuccessful. Chest computed tomography demonstrated pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema with multiple air bubbles within the spinal canal between the levels Th3 and Th11. Resection of bullae on the upper lobe and partial pleurectomy were performed. Postoperative period was uneventful. Epidural emphysema was resolved spontaneously without neurologic symptoms and signs. Intraspinal air, or pneumorachis, associated with spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum is an extremely rare condition. We discussed spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum as well as epidural pneumatosis and reviewed reported cases in the literature.