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Related Concept Videos

Radial System Protection01:23

Radial System Protection

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Radial systems employ time-delay overcurrent relays to reduce load interruptions. When a fault occurs, the nearest breaker opens first, while upstream breakers remain closed due to longer delay settings. This approach ensures minimal disruption to the rest of the system.
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Continuing care describes the variety of health, personal, and social services provided over a prolonged period. The need for continuing care is increasing because people are living longer. Many people do not have families or others to care for them. Continuing care is mainly for patients who are disabled, functionally dependent, or suffering from a terminal disease. It is available within institutional settings or in homes. Examples include nursing centers or facilities, assisted living,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Disruption of the Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Using Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound in a Rat Model
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Continuous spore disruption using radially focused, high-frequency ultrasound.

D P Chandler1, J Brown, C J Bruckner-Lea

  • 1Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA. dp.chandler@pnl.gov

Analytical Chemistry
|August 21, 2001
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Summary

A new ultrasonic disruptor effectively lyses Bacillus spores and bacterial cells without chemicals. This method enhances intracellular DNA availability for detection, proving highly efficient for microbial sample preparation.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Sonochemistry

Background:

  • Bacillus spores are highly resistant to conventional lysis methods.
  • Efficient disruption of microbial cells is crucial for downstream molecular analysis.
  • Existing lysis techniques often require harsh chemical or enzymatic treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel continuous-flow, radially focused ultrasonic disruptor.
  • To assess the disruption efficiency of the device on Bacillus spores and vegetative bacterial cells.
  • To determine the impact of ultrasonic disruption on the availability and integrity of intracellular DNA.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a continuous-flow, radially focused ultrasonic device.
  • Testing disruption efficacy on Bacillus globigii spores, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis vegetative cells.
  • Analysis of cell disruption using microscopy, SEM, and semiquantitative PCR.

Main Results:

  • Achieved >99% disruption of Bacillus spores and vegetative cells.
  • Demonstrated efficient cell death and loss of viability, exceeding visible cell lysis.
  • Showed up to a 1,000-fold increase in intracellular DNA availability from disrupted spores, with intact DNA.

Conclusions:

  • The novel ultrasonic disruptor provides efficient lysis of resistant microbial cells, including spores.
  • This technology offers a chemical-free method for microbial cell disruption.
  • The method significantly enhances the availability of intact DNA for molecular detection applications.