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Related Experiment Videos

Ultraviolet colour opponency in the turtle retina.

D F Ventura1, Y Zana, J M de Souza

  • 1Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, Instituto de Psicologia and Centro de Neurociências e Comportamento, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. dventura@usp.br

The Journal of Experimental Biology
|August 21, 2001
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals ultraviolet color processing in turtle retinas, identifying an ultraviolet channel and tetrachromacy. These findings provide a neural basis for discriminating ultraviolet colors in Pseudemys scripta elegans.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vision Science
  • Comparative Physiology

Background:

  • The spectral sensitivity of the turtle retina, particularly in the ultraviolet range, remains largely uncharacterized.
  • Previous studies have not investigated ultraviolet light's impact on the inner retina's color processing mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ultraviolet cone spectral sensitivity through horizontal cell responses in the turtle retina.
  • To determine if tetrachromatic neural mechanisms, specifically UV/S (ultraviolet/short-wavelength) response opponency, exist in this species.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a constant response methodology to isolate and characterize ultraviolet cone input to S/LM horizontal cells.
  • Recorded responses from various horizontal cell types (monophasic, biphasic, triphasic) to spectral stimulation.

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  • Analyzed spectral opponency in the receptive fields of amacrine and ganglion cells.

    • Main Results:

    • Isolated ultraviolet cone input to S/LM horizontal cells, with a blue-adapted spectral sensitivity function peaking at 372 nm, consistent with porphyropsin.
    • Observed strong responses to ultraviolet light in monophasic, biphasic L/M, and triphasic S/LM horizontal cells.
    • Identified eight combinations of spectral opponency in ganglion cell receptive fields, including UV/S opponency in three ganglion cell types, and specific amacrine cell types (UVSM-L+).

    Conclusions:

    • The findings strongly suggest the presence of a distinct ultraviolet visual channel in the turtle retina.
    • UV/S opponency in ganglion cells provides a neural substrate for the discrimination of ultraviolet colors.
    • The study provides evidence for a neural basis of tetrachromacy in the turtle retina, indicating a four-color visual system.