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Direct exposure to animal enteric pathogens.

C Enriquez1, N Nwachuku, C P Gerba

  • 1Department of Soil, Water & Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA. carlos.enriquez@clorox.com

Reviews on Environmental Health
|August 22, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Many enteric pathogens, once thought to be animal-specific, are now recognized as significant causes of human illness. This review details zoonotic enteric pathogens and their impact on human health.

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Epidemiology and infection·2015

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Humans share close living and working spaces with a diverse range of animals, including traditional pets and exotic species.
  • This close proximity facilitates the transmission of microorganisms, including enteric pathogens, between animals and humans.
  • Recent awareness highlights that several enteric pathogens previously considered primarily animal-specific are major contributors to human disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics of various zoonotic enteric pathogens.
  • To assess the current understanding of the impact of these pathogens on human health.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of bacterial, parasitic, and viral zoonotic enteric diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications on zoonotic enteric pathogens.

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  • Examination of pathogen characteristics, including bacterial (Helicobacter spp., Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli), parasitic (Toxoplasma gondii, Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp.), and viral (rotavirus, norwalk-like virus, hepatitis E virus).
  • Analysis of the current knowledge regarding the impact of these pathogens on human health.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified key bacterial zoonotic enteric pathogens: Helicobacter spp., Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli.
    • Detailed parasitic zoonotic enteric pathogens: Toxoplasma gondii, Giardia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp.
    • Included viral zoonotic enteric pathogens: rotavirus, norwalk-like virus, and hepatitis E virus.

    Conclusions:

    • Zoonotic enteric pathogens pose a significant threat to human health.
    • Understanding the characteristics and transmission of these pathogens is crucial for public health.
    • Further research is needed to fully grasp the impact of zoonotic enteric diseases on humans.