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Related Concept Videos

Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.Positive Frequency-Dependent SelectionIn positive...
Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

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Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell

A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...
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Folliculogenesis

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

In Vitro Culture Strategy for Oocytes from Early Antral Follicle in Cattle
09:30

In Vitro Culture Strategy for Oocytes from Early Antral Follicle in Cattle

Published on: July 8, 2020

Follicle selection in cattle: follicle deviation and codominance within sequential waves.

L J Kulick1, D R Bergfelt, K Kot

  • 1Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

Biology of Reproduction
|August 22, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bovine follicle deviation mechanisms are similar between follicular waves 1 and 2. However, waves with codominant follicles show distinct hormonal and follicle dynamics compared to single dominant follicle waves.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

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Isolation of Small Preantral Follicles from the Bovine Ovary Using a Combination of Fragmentation, Homogenization, and Serial Filtration
09:11

Isolation of Small Preantral Follicles from the Bovine Ovary Using a Combination of Fragmentation, Homogenization, and Serial Filtration

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A Modified Co-Culture System for Understanding Granulosa-Theca Cell Interactions in the Bovine Ovary
07:03

A Modified Co-Culture System for Understanding Granulosa-Theca Cell Interactions in the Bovine Ovary

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Veterinary Science

Background:

  • Follicle deviation is key in bovine follicular waves, determining dominant follicle selection.
  • Understanding deviation differences between early (wave 1) and later (wave 2) follicular waves is crucial for reproductive insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Compare follicle deviation characteristics in wave 1 versus wave 2 in cattle.
  • Investigate hormonal profiles and follicle dynamics associated with single versus codominant follicle development.

Main Methods:

  • Compared follicle diameters (F1, F2, F3) and deviation timing in wave 1 and wave 2.
  • Monitored circulating FSH, LH, estradiol, and inhibin concentrations during deviation.
  • Analyzed differences between waves with single dominant follicles and codominant follicles.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in follicle diameters or deviation timing were found between wave 1 and wave 2.
  • Both waves showed decreasing FSH, increasing estradiol, and decreasing inhibin post-deviation, with a transient LH peak.
  • Codominant follicle waves were more frequent in wave 1 and exhibited altered estradiol and FSH/LH dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Follicle deviation mechanisms are conserved between bovine follicular waves 1 and 2.
  • Codominant follicle development is associated with distinct hormonal milieu and follicle dynamics, particularly in wave 1.