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Lipid abnormalities in coronary heart disease: a population-based case-control study
1Department of Medicine and Pathology, Monilek Hospital and Research Centre, Jaipur.
Insights
This study found that coronary heart disease patients have significantly lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher triglycerides and total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratios compared to controls. These lipid-cholesterol differences highlight key risk factors for heart disease.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Lipidology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide.
- Understanding lipid-cholesterol profiles in CHD patients is crucial for risk assessment and management.
- Previous studies have shown associations between dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare lipid-cholesterol fractions between patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease and population-based controls.
- To identify specific lipid profile abnormalities associated with coronary heart disease.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study was conducted involving 635 newly diagnosed CHD patients and 632 population-based controls.
- Age-specific lipid values, including total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and total:HDL ratio, were analyzed.
- Statistical tests (t-test, Chi-square) were used to compare lipid levels and the prevalence of dyslipidemia.
Main Results:
- Total and LDL cholesterol levels did not significantly differ between CHD patients and controls.
- HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in CHD patients across multiple age groups for both males and females.
- Triglyceride levels were significantly higher in male CHD patients in several age groups, and in younger females.
- The total:HDL cholesterol ratio was significantly higher in CHD patients across all age groups and both sexes.
Conclusions:
- CHD patients exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, high total cholesterol, and high LDL cholesterol compared to controls.
- Low HDL cholesterol, high total:HDL ratio, and high triglycerides were also significantly more prevalent in CHD cases.
- These findings underscore the importance of specific lipid-cholesterol abnormalities as risk factors for coronary heart disease.
Background:
We performed a case-control study to estimate lipid-cholesterol fractions in patients with coronary heart disease and compared them with population-based controls.
Methods And Results:
A total of 635 newly diagnosed patients with coronary heart disease (518 males and 117 females) and 632 subjects (346 males and 286 females) obtained from an ongoing urban coronary heart disease risk factor epidemiological study were evaluated. Age-specific lipid values (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and total:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio) were compared using the t-test. Age-adjusted prevalence of dyslipidemia as defined by the US National Cholesterol Education Program was compared using the Chi-square test. In all the age groups, and in both males and females, levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were not significantly different. In males, the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dl) was significantly lower in patients with coronary heart disease as compared to controls in the age groups 30-39 years (35.1+/-11 v. 43.7+/-9), 40-49 years (39.0+/-10 v. 47.1+/-8), 50-59 years (38.9+/-11 v. 43.8+/-9) and 60-69 years (38.6+/-11, v. 42.8+/-7) (p<0.05). In females, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was less in the age groups 30-39 years (30.2+/-9 v. 40.7+/-9), 50-59 years (39.7+/-12 v. 44.7+/-8) and 60-69 years (35.6+/-11 v. 42.2+/-9). The level of triglycerides was significantly higher in male patients in the age groups 40-49 years (195.3+/-96 v. 152.8+/-78), 50-59 years (176.7+/-76 v. 162.9+/-97), 60-69 years (175.5+/-93 v. 148.1+/-65) and >70 years (159.8+/-62 v. 100.0+/-22); and in female patients in the age group 30-39 years (170.8+/-20 v. 149.9+/-9) (p<0.05). The total:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was significantly higher in all age groups in male as well as female patients with coronary heart disease (p<0.05).
Conclusions:
An age-adjusted case-control comparison showed that the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, high total cholesterol (> or =200 mg/dl) (males 48.8% v. 20.2%; females 59.8% v. 33.4%) and high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (> or =130 mg/dl) (males 42.1% v. 15.0%; females 52.1% v. 31.0%) was significantly more in cases than in controls. The prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (<35 mg/dl) (males 39.6% v. 6.2%; females 39.3% iv 9.5%), high total:high-density lipoprotein ratio (> or = 5.0) and high triglycerides (> or =200 mg/ dl: males 39.6%, v. 10.2%; females 17.1% v. 11.9%) was also significantly higher in cases (p<0.05).