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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Chickenpox01:20

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Its transmission occurs primarily through the inhalation of respiratory droplets or direct contact with vesicular fluid from skin lesions. The incubation period typically ranges from 10 to 21 days, during which the virus replicates and disseminates through sequential phases within the host. Although generally self-limiting in children,...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...

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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Whole Body Vibration Methods with Survivors of Polio
04:16

Whole Body Vibration Methods with Survivors of Polio

Published on: October 17, 2018

Parental opinions regarding poliomyelitis immunizations.

A Epee-Bounya1, B A Gitterman, R Y Moon

  • 1Department of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA.

Clinical Pediatrics
|August 23, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Parental preference for polio vaccines is divided, with many parents undecided between oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) options. Further education may empower parents in making informed vaccination decisions for their children.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) led to polio eradication in the US.
  • Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis risks with OPV shifted preference to inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey parental preferences for poliomyelitis vaccine options.
  • To assess parental knowledge and decision-making regarding childhood polio immunizations.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional survey of parents with children under 18 months.
  • Questionnaires assessed knowledge, risks, benefits, and preferences for OPV, IPV, or sequential schedules.
  • 146 questionnaires distributed, 88% response rate.

Main Results:

  • 41% of parents could not decide on a vaccine schedule.
  • 25% preferred all OPV, 13% preferred all IPV, and 21% preferred sequential IPV/OPV.
  • Older parents favored the all IPV schedule; parental education level showed no correlation.

Conclusions:

  • Parental preference for polio vaccine schedules is varied and often undecided.
  • Enhanced parental education may be necessary to facilitate active participation in vaccine decision-making.
  • Further research is needed to explore effective educational strategies for urban parents.