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Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation

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Interfacial nonradiative energy transfer in responsive core-shell hydrogel nanoparticles.

D Gan¹, L A Lyon

¹School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0400, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|August 23, 2001

Summary

Nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) reveals a first-order phase transition in thermoresponsive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (p-NIPAm) microgel particles, unlike photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). NRET offers a molecular-scale probe for nanostructured materials.

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Area of Science:

Polymer Science
Materials Science
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Thermoresponsive polymers like poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (p-NIPAm) exhibit volume phase transitions with temperature changes.
Core-shell microgel particles offer tunable properties for advanced applications.
Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) are techniques to study polymer behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize fluorescently labeled p-NIPAm core-shell microgel particles.
To compare the phase transition behavior of these particles using PCS and NRET.
To investigate the influence of shell thickness on the phase transition characteristics.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of core-shell latex particles with covalently localized phenanthrene (donor) and anthracene (acceptor).
Utilizing photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) to monitor particle deswelling.
Employing nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) efficiency to probe particle collapse.

Main Results:

PCS indicated a continuous (non-first order) phase transition for p-NIPAm particles.
NRET measurements revealed a discontinuous (first-order-like) phase transition over a narrower temperature range.
NRET showed increased collapse temperature with increasing shell thickness, while PCS did not.

Conclusions:

Apparent contradictions between PCS and NRET are explained by radial phase coexistence due to cross-linker inhomogeneity.
NRET serves as a sensitive molecular-scale probe for nanostructured microgels.
The findings highlight NRET's potential for detailed characterization of microgel systems.