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Updated: Oct 5, 2026
Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
Published on: January 5, 2016
Plasma levels of soluble CD14 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha type II receptor correlate with cognitive dysfunction
1Center for Neurovirology and Neurodegenerative Disorders and Department of Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. laryan@unmc.edu
Abstract:
The relationship between monocyte immune responses and cognitive impairment during progressive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection was investigated in 28 subjects receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. The mean+/-SEM CD4(+) T lymphocyte count and virus load for all patients were 237+/-41 cells/mm(3) and 77,091+/-195,372 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL, respectively. Levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha type II receptor (sTNF-RII) and soluble CD14 (sCD14) were measured in plasma by ELISA and were correlated with results from neuropsychological, magnetic resonance imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy tests. Plasma sCD14 and sTNF-RII levels were elevated in subjects with cognitive impairment and in those with brain atrophy. Furthermore, both factors were correlated with spectroscopic choline:creatine ratios. These findings support the idea that peripheral immune responses are linked to cognitive dysfunction during advanced HIV-1 disease.
