A population-based study of potential brain injuries requiring emergency care

Brain injury is an important health concern, yet there are few population-based analyses on which to base prevention initiatives. This study aimed, first, to calculate rates of potential brain injury within a defined Canadian population and, second, to describe the external causes, natures and disposition from the emergency department of these injuries.

We studied all cases of blunt head injury that resulted in a visit to an emergency department for all residents of Greater Kingston during 1998. We used data from the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP) and augmented this by examining all records of emergency or inpatient care received at all hospitals in the area.

In 202 (27%) of 760 cases of head injury, there was potential for brain injury. Annual rates of potential brain injury were 16 and 7 per 10,000 population for males and females respectively. CT was performed on 114 (56%) of 202 cases, of which 60 (53%) demonstrated an intracranial pathology, with 11 (10%) showing a diffuse axonal injury pattern on the initial scan. Falls from heights accounted for 14 (47%) of 30 injuries observed in children aged 0-9 years. Individuals aged 10-44 years sustained 32 (63%) of 51 motor vehicle injuries, 15 (88%) of 17 bicycle injuries, 22 (100%) of 22 sports injuries and 8 (89%) of 9 fight-related injuries. Falls accounted for 15 (71%) of 21 injuries among adults aged 65 years or more.

The results indicate the relative importance of several external causes of injury. The findings from our geographically distinct population are useful in establishing rational priorities for the prevention of brain injury.