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Clinical manifestations and management of pediatric HIV infection

D Kaul1, J A Patel

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi-110060, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|August 25, 2001
PubMed

Insights

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a global epidemic, with millions affected in India. This review covers pediatric HIV manifestations and antiretroviral therapy challenges in developing nations.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection presents a significant global health challenge, with millions infected worldwide and a substantial burden in India.
  • The epidemic is evolving, with increasing HIV seropositivity in antenatal populations and a shift from high-risk groups to the general population.
  • Pediatric HIV infection in developing countries like India is complicated by diverse clinical presentations and challenges in accessing diagnostic facilities and affordable antiretroviral therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical manifestations of pediatric HIV infection relevant to developing countries.
  • To discuss recent advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV in the context of resource-limited settings.
  • To highlight the challenges in diagnosis and management of pediatric HIV in India.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on pediatric HIV infection.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data on HIV prevalence in India.
  • Discussion of available antiretroviral drugs and treatment guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric HIV infection exhibits varied clinical symptoms, posing diagnostic challenges in early infancy.
  • Access to advanced diagnostics (HIV-PCR, CD4/CD8 counts) and sustained antiretroviral therapy is limited and costly in India.
  • Current treatment emphasis in India is on preventing opportunistic infections and mother-to-child transmission using zidovudine.

Conclusions:

  • Adapting international treatment guidelines for pediatric HIV is crucial for the Indian context.
  • Addressing diagnostic accessibility, drug availability, and cost of antiretroviral therapy is essential for effective pediatric HIV management.
  • Prevention of perinatal transmission and management of opportunistic infections remain key strategies in India.

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