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Published on: October 3, 2016
Bloodborne pathogen exposures in a developmental center: 1993-2000.
G S Lohiya1, L Tan-Figueroa, S Lohiya
1Fairview Developmental Center, Costa Mesa, California 92626, USA.
Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
|August 25, 2001
Summary
A study of 257 bloodborne pathogen exposures at a developmental center found no hepatitis B, C, or HIV transmission. This success is attributed to hepatitis B immunization and low infection rates, highlighting the importance of exposure follow-up.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Occupational Health
- Public Health
Background:
- Developmental centers face risks of bloodborne pathogen transmission.
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen carriers were present in 9% of residents.
- Previous studies highlight the need for robust exposure control measures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the transmission of HBV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) following occupational exposures.
- To assess the effectiveness of hepatitis B immunization and existing protocols in preventing viral transmission.
- To identify strategies for further reducing exposure risks in developmental centers.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 257 potential bloodborne pathogen exposures (bites, scratches, sharps injuries, mucosal breaks) over 8 years.
- Serological follow-up of exposed susceptible employees and residents.
- Data collection on resident HBV carrier status and prevalence of HCV/HIV.
Main Results:
- No transmission of HBV, HCV, or HIV was detected among exposed individuals.
- Hepatitis B immunization was a key factor in preventing HBV transmission.
- Low prevalences of HCV and HIV among the study population contributed to the absence of transmission.
Conclusions:
- Effective hepatitis B immunization and low HCV/HIV prevalence prevented viral transmission despite numerous exposures.
- Prompt and thorough follow-up of all potential exposures is critical for early detection and management.
- Implementing measures to further reduce exposure incidents is recommended for enhanced safety.
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