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Related Experiment Videos

Stereotype distinctiveness: how counterstereotypic behavior shapes the self-concept.

W von Hippel1, C Hawkins, J W Schooler

  • 1Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, USA. w.vonhippel@unsw.edu.au

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|August 25, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Feeling unique in areas of strong performance boosts self-concept. Counterstereotypic achievements, especially, significantly shape self-schematicity and personal identity development.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Self-Concept Research

Background:

  • Self-schematicity refers to the cognitive and affective importance of a domain to an individual's self-concept.
  • Distinctiveness is a key factor influencing self-perception and identity formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between distinctiveness and self-schematicity.
  • To explore how performance, particularly counterstereotypic performance, influences self-schematicity within social stereotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted to examine the interplay of distinctiveness, performance, and self-schematicity.
  • Participants' feelings of distinctiveness and performance in specific domains were assessed.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Self-schematicity was higher in domains of strong performance when individuals felt distinct from their social groups.
  • Counterstereotypic performance (e.g., women excelling in academics) increased self-schematicity more than stereotypic performance.
  • Specific demographic differences emerged, with African Americans and women more schematic for intelligence after academic success, and Caucasians/men more schematic for athletics after athletic success.

Conclusions:

  • Distinctiveness from social groups plays a crucial role in developing self-schematicity.
  • Counterstereotypic behavior has a particularly potent impact on the formation and structure of the self-concept.
  • These findings highlight the dynamic interplay between social context, individual performance, and self-identity.