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Validity in qualitative research.

R Whittemore1, S K Chase, C L Mandle

  • 1Yale University School of Nursing, USA.

Qualitative Health Research
|August 28, 2001
PubMed
Summary
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Establishing validity in qualitative research is complex, balancing rigor with creativity. This study proposes primary criteria (credibility, authenticity, criticality, integrity) and secondary criteria (explicitness, vividness, creativity, thoroughness, congruence, sensitivity) for robust qualitative research.

Area of Science:

  • Qualitative Research Methodology
  • Scientific Validity Standards

Background:

  • Establishing validity in qualitative research presents significant challenges.
  • Integrating scientific rigor with inherent subjectivity and creativity is a key difficulty.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore existing issues in the science and art of qualitative research.
  • To propose a synthesized framework for qualitative research validity criteria.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of contemporary viewpoints on qualitative research validity.
  • Categorization of validity criteria into primary and secondary levels.

Main Results:

  • Distinction made between primary and secondary validity criteria.

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  • Primary criteria identified: credibility, authenticity, criticality, integrity.
  • Secondary criteria identified: explicitness, vividness, creativity, thoroughness, congruence, sensitivity.

    • Conclusions:

    • Proposed criteria offer a framework for enhancing the rigor and validity of qualitative research.
    • The synthesis addresses the balance between scientific objectivity and the subjective nature of qualitative inquiry.