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Nitric oxide enhances MPP(+) inhibition of complex I
M W Cleeter1, J M Cooper, A H Schapira
1University Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK.
Abstract:
There is evidence that 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) toxicity is mediated through both inhibition of mitochondrial complex I and free radical generation. 7-Nitroindazole protects against MPTP toxicity in vitro and in vivo, and this appears to be related to its inhibition of nitric oxide (NO(*-)) synthase. We now show that the NO(*-) generator, glutathione-N-oxide, enhances the inhibitory action of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) on complex I activity in brain submitochondrial particles. We propose that the NO(*-)-induced reversible inhibition of complex IV (cytochrome oxidase) potentiates the MPP(+)-induced irreversible free radical-mediated inhibition of complex I. Thus, NO(*-) may 'prime' the respiratory chain to the effects of MPP(+). These data provide evidence for an interaction between NO(*-) and MPP(+) at the level of the respiratory chain.
Insights
Nitric oxide (NO(*-)) may worsen the effects of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) on mitochondrial complex I. This interaction primes the respiratory chain, potentially explaining MPP(+) toxicity.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Biochemistry
- Toxicology
Background:
- 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) toxicity involves mitochondrial complex I inhibition and free radical generation.
- 7-Nitroindazole, a nitric oxide (NO(*-)) synthase inhibitor, offers protection against MPTP toxicity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the interaction between nitric oxide (NO(*-)) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) in the context of mitochondrial respiration.
- To elucidate the role of NO(*-) in potentiating MPP(+)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
Main Methods:
- Utilized brain submitochondrial particles to assess mitochondrial complex I activity.
- Examined the effects of a NO(*-) generator (glutathione-N-oxide) on MPP(+)-induced inhibition of complex I.
- Investigated the impact of NO(*-) on complex IV (cytochrome oxidase) activity.
Main Results:
- Glutathione-N-oxide enhanced the inhibitory effect of MPP(+) on mitochondrial complex I activity.
- NO(*-) induced a reversible inhibition of complex IV (cytochrome oxidase).
- MPP(+) caused an irreversible, free radical-mediated inhibition of complex I.
Conclusions:
- NO(*-) potentiates MPP(+)-induced complex I inhibition, likely by reversibly inhibiting complex IV.
- This NO(*-)-mediated effect primes the respiratory chain, making it more susceptible to MPP(+).
- An interaction between NO(*-) and MPP(+) occurs at the mitochondrial respiratory chain level, contributing to neurotoxicity.