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Emergency neonatal surgery in a developing country.

E A Ameh1, P M Dogo, P T Nmadu

  • 1Paediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria.

Pediatric Surgery International
|August 31, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Emergency neonatal surgery in Nigeria resulted in high mortality and morbidity, with infections and respiratory issues being primary causes. Improving outcomes requires earlier referrals and enhanced neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) facilities.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Neonatal Care
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Neonatal surgery outcomes have improved globally due to advancements in care.
  • However, developing countries face significant challenges in emergency neonatal surgery.
  • Limited data exists on neonatal surgical outcomes in resource-limited settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the outcomes of emergency neonatal surgery over a decade in a Nigerian teaching hospital.
  • To identify factors contributing to morbidity and mortality in this patient population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 154 neonates undergoing emergency surgery over 10 years.
  • Data collected on patient demographics, surgical indications, procedures, anesthesia, and outcomes.
  • Analysis of postoperative complications and mortality causes.

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Main Results:

  • Emergency surgery constituted 40% of neonatal procedures.
  • Intestinal obstruction and anorectal malformations were common indications.
  • High rates of postoperative complications (38%) and mortality (30.5%) were observed.
  • Infection and respiratory insufficiency were leading causes of death.
  • Late referrals and lack of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) were significant contributing factors.

Conclusions:

  • Emergency neonatal surgery in this setting is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality.
  • Improvements necessitate timely referrals, prompt presentation, and the establishment of NICUs.
  • Addressing these factors is crucial for enhancing survival rates in developing countries.