Cognitive and motor development in children with vertically transmitted HIV infection
Brain and Cognition
|August 31, 2001
Summary
Infants with vertically transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection show significant impairments in mental and motor development. Early neurodevelopmental assessments reveal lower Bayley Scale scores in HIV-infected infants, highlighting the impact of the virus on cognitive and motor skills.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can impact infant development.
- Early neurodevelopmental outcomes in vertically HIV-infected infants require thorough examination.
- Understanding developmental trajectories is crucial for timely intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate mental and motor development in infants with vertically transmitted HIV infection.
- To compare neurodevelopmental outcomes between HIV-infected and uninfected infants born to HIV-positive mothers.
- To identify factors associated with developmental impairments in this cohort.
Main Methods:
- Neurodevelopmental assessment using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID).
- Comparison of mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor development index (PDI) scores between HIV-infected and uninfected infants.
- Correlation analysis between neuroimaging findings (CT scans) and developmental outcomes in HIV-infected children.
Main Results:
- HIV-infected infants demonstrated significantly lower MDI and PDI scores compared to uninfected controls.
- Abnormalities on CT scans were observed in 20 HIV-infected children.
- CT scan abnormalities, particularly subcortical lesions and myelination issues, were associated with developmental delays, especially in motor function.
Conclusions:
- Vertically transmitted HIV infection is associated with significant impairments in early mental and motor development.
- Early neuroimaging findings, such as myelination abnormalities and subcortical lesions, are linked to developmental delays.
- These findings underscore the need for early and comprehensive neurodevelopmental monitoring and support for vertically HIV-infected infants.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Three Developmental Domains
Human development is typically examined across three main domains: physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional. These domains represent the significant areas of change and continuity throughout the lifespan, from infancy to late adulthood.
Physical Development
Physical processes, also known as maturation, encompass the biological changes that occur across an individual's life. These changes begin with genetic inheritance and continue through various stages, including growth in height and weight,...
Physical Development
Physical processes, also known as maturation, encompass the biological changes that occur across an individual's life. These changes begin with genetic inheritance and continue through various stages, including growth in height and weight,...
01:14Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development
The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
Exploration...
Exploration...
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the recognition that people have...
01:30Cognitive Development During Adulthood
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
01:27Cytomegalovirus Disease
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
01:27Cryptococcal Meningitis
Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...