Developmental expression of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH3) in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is the primary enzyme responsible for metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde. One class of ADH has been described in fish, and has been found to be structurally similar to mammalian class III ADH (glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase) but functionally similar to class I ADH (primarily responsible for ethanol metabolism). We have cloned a cDNA by RT-PCR from zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver representing the zebrafish ADH3 gene product, with a coding region of 1131 nucleotides. The deduced amino acid sequences share 90% identity to ADH3 from the marine fish Sparus aurata, and 82 and 81% identity to the mouse and human sequences, respectively. Using a quantitative competitive RT-PCR assay, ADH3 mRNA was detected at all timepoints analyzed and was lowest between 8 and 24 h postfertilization. Thus, differential ADH3 expression may be at least partly responsible for temporal variations in the sensitivity of zebrafish embryos to developmental alcohol exposure.