Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Clock drawing: analysis in a retirement community.

A Paganini-Hill1, L J Clark, V W Henderson

  • 1Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|August 31, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Plasma pTau217 as a Prognostic, Monitoring, and Risk-Stratification Biomarker of Clinical Progression in Lewy Body Disease.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Prior endogenous and exogenous estrogen and incident dementia in the 10th decade of life: The 90+ Study.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2020
Same author

Preadmission use of glucocorticoids and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with ischemic stroke.

Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH·2018
Same author

Progesterone and human cognition.

Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society·2018
Same author

Comorbidity and the increased mortality after hospitalization for stroke: a population-based cohort study.

Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH·2017
Same author

The hidden cost of deep neck space infections

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England·2017
Same journal

Caregiver Burden at the Onset of Acute Hospital-At-Home.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·2026
Same journal

Utilization Patterns Among Heterogeneous Subgroups of Homebound Older Adults: A Latent Class Analysis.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·2026
Same journal

Off-Label Initiation of Gabapentin and Valproic Acid Among Long-Stay Nursing Home Residents With and Without Dementia.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·2026
Same journal

The DOAC-FRAIL Study-Same Dose, Different Story: Prevalence of Deviant Direct Oral Anticoagulant Levels in Nursing Home Residents.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·2026
Same journal

Practice Environment and Job Outcomes Among Primary Care Nurse Practitioners Caring for Patients With Dementia.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·2026
Same journal

Anticholinergic Medication Use in Veterans Affairs Long-Term Care Residents: Clinical Patterns and Opportunities for Deprescribing.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society·2026
See all related articles

The clock-drawing test, used in mailed surveys, correlates with Alzheimer's disease risk factors like age and education. This simple cognitive screening tool can help identify individuals at risk for cognitive decline.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The clock-drawing test (CDT) is a simple, self-administered cognitive screening tool.
  • It is adaptable for large-scale epidemiological studies, including mail surveys.
  • CDT performance can correlate with more detailed cognitive assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between CDT performance in a mailed survey and known/potential risk and protective factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • To assess the utility of CDT as a predictor of cognitive frailty and future disability in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Leisure World Cohort Study, a large cohort of older adults.
  • Administered a clock-drawing task via a mailed questionnaire to 8,406 participants.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Scored clocks based on 7 items, calculating a total score and identifying cognitively impaired individuals.

    • Main Results:

    • 35% of participants completed the clock drawing without error; mean scores decreased with age.
    • Significant predictors of clock score included age, education, smoking, and gender.
    • Cognitively impaired individuals were older, more likely female, hypertensive, and less likely college-educated.

    Conclusions:

    • The CDT is a valuable tool for cognitive assessment in large epidemiological studies.
    • CDT performance is influenced by educational level and AD risk factors, even in highly educated populations.
    • CDT can aid in predicting cognitive frailty, enabling earlier diagnosis and management of AD.