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Related Concept Videos

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As they leave the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles. These vesicles are transported by microtubule-based motor proteins and fuse together to form vesicular tubular clusters, subsequently arriving at the Golgi apparatus, a eukaryotic endomembrane organelle that often has a distinctive ribbon-like appearance.
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Golgi Apparatus01:09

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Properly folded and assembled proteins are selectively packaged into vesicles that exit the ER. Motor proteins transport these vesicles to the Golgi apparatus for adding modifications that make these proteins functional at their destination.
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Transport Across the Golgi01:26

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While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...
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Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport01:45

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Eukaryotic cells have different membrane-bound organelles with distinct protein requirements. The process by which proteins are targeted to a specific organelle is called protein sorting.
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Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
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Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

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Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
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Author Spotlight: Imaging ATG9A, a Multi-Spanning Membrane Protein
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Trans-Golgi network sorting.

F Gu1, C M Crump, G Thomas

  • 1Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Science University, Portland 97201, USA.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|September 1, 2001
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details the trans-Golgi network (TGN), a key sorting station for protein trafficking. It covers TGN structure, cargo sorting, and lipid roles in secretory vesicle formation and delivery.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The trans-Golgi network (TGN) functions as a central sorting hub in the secretory pathway.
  • It processes newly synthesized proteins and integrates endocytic pathways.
  • Understanding TGN dynamics is crucial for cellular function and secretion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in TGN structure and trafficking dynamics.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of protein and lipid sorting at the TGN.
  • To discuss distinct delivery pathways to the cell surface and regulated secretion.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on TGN structure and function.
  • Analysis of molecular interactions involved in cargo sorting and vesicle formation.
  • Synthesis of data on lipid involvement and distinct cellular delivery mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Protein sorting relies on interactions between cargo motifs and vesicle coat proteins.
  • Lipids and lipid-modifying enzymes actively contribute to secretory vesicle biogenesis.
  • Apical and basolateral delivery pathways differ, with specific mechanisms for neuroendocrine secretion.

Conclusions:

  • The TGN is a complex, dynamic organelle essential for protein and lipid trafficking.
  • Specific molecular interactions govern cargo selection and vesicle formation.
  • Diverse mechanisms ensure accurate delivery of molecules to various cellular destinations.