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Published on: October 31, 2012
Fetal monkey surfactants after intra-amniotic or maternal administration of betamethasone and thyroid hormone
W M Gilbert1, E Eby-Wilkens, C Plopper
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, USA. wmgilbert@ucdavis.edu
Objective:
To compare direct intra-amniotic injection of betamethasone and thyroxine (T4) with maternal treatment and controls for accelerating pulmonary surfactant production.
Methods:
Twelve pregnant monkeys (Macaca mulatta) on gestational day 125 (term 165 +/- 10 days) had surfactant protein A and B concentrations measured in amniotic fluid. In four controls, normal saline was injected into the amniotic fluid; four others (intra-amniotic) received intra-amniotic betamethasone (1 mg) and T4 (60 microg); and in four others (maternal), the dam was given betamethasone (12 mg) intramuscularly, repeated in 24 hours, plus TRH (400 microg) intravenously, repeated every 6 hours for 24 hours. Seventy-two hours after the initial amniocentesis, a hysterotomy was performed and fetal tissue and amniotic fluid harvested for determination of surfactant protein A and B concentrations and immunohistochemical staining for surfactant protein A.
Results:
Amniotic fluid surfactant protein A was higher with intra-amniotic injection than with maternal treatment (P <.04) or controls (P =.07). Amniotic fluid surfactant protein B was higher in the intra-amniotic group than in controls (P =.06). Immunohistochemical staining for surfactant protein A in the lung tissue was increased in the intra-amniotic group compared with controls (0.145 +/- 0.01 versus 0.097 +/- 0.001, percent positive staining for surfactant protein A cells per lung tissue cells; P <.03). Birth weight was greater in the intra-amniotic group compared with the maternal group (P <.03) although not different from the controls. Finally, gut motility and the presence of formed meconium were increased in the intra-amniotic group compared with the other groups (P <.05).
Conclusion:
Intra-amniotic injection of betamethasone and T4 enhanced lung (and possibly intestinal) maturation of the preterm rhesus fetal monkey compared with maternal injections.
