Integration of children with visual impairment in regular preschools

The current practice in Germany is to integrate children who are blind or partially sighted into regular preschools providing they exhibit no further severe impairments. The present study asked 72 regular preschool teachers about their experiences in integrating 24 children who were blind and 16 who were partially sighted. Results showed that integration seemed to be unproblematic except for greater emotional difficulties in children who are partially sighted. According to preschool teachers, integrating children who are blind is far more complex and difficult than integrating the partially sighted. One fifth of the blind exhibited marked to serious problems in 10 out of 28 preschool activities surveyed. Most of these difficulties involved manual, cognitive, interactive and daily living skills. When asked about difficulties that had not been anticipated before integration commenced, preschool teachers emphasized four domains: the increase in their own workload; the children's problems with concentration and motivation; fixation on one preschool teacher; and difficulties in the fine- and gross-motor domain as well as in daily living skills. Findings indicate the need for improved preparations and support when integrating the blind into regular preschool.