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Related Concept Videos

Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each containing...
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Meiosis II02:02

Meiosis II

Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...
Meiosis II02:02

Meiosis II

Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

Meiosis vs. Mitosis

Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
Before the start of mitosis and meiosis I, the cell synthesizes DNA, resulting in two homologous copies of each chromosome. DNA synthesis is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy
12:04

Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy

Published on: June 24, 2019

Evolutionary conservation between budding yeast and human kinetochores.

K Kitagawa1, P Hieter

  • 1Department of Molecular Pharmacology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale Street, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794, USA. katsumi.kitagawa@stjude.org

Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|September 5, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Accurate chromosome segregation relies on proper kinetochore assembly. Budding yeast studies reveal conserved kinetochore components essential for linking chromosomes to spindle microtubules during mitosis.

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Use of Time-Lapse Microscopy and Stage-Specific Nuclear Depletion of Proteins to Study Meiosis in S. cerevisiae
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Use of Time-Lapse Microscopy and Stage-Specific Nuclear Depletion of Proteins to Study Meiosis in S. cerevisiae

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Determination of the Mating Efficiency of Haploids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Determination of the Mating Efficiency of Haploids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy
12:04

Examination of Mitotic and Meiotic Fission Yeast Nuclear Dynamics by Fluorescence Live-cell Microscopy

Published on: June 24, 2019

Use of Time-Lapse Microscopy and Stage-Specific Nuclear Depletion of Proteins to Study Meiosis in S. cerevisiae
07:48

Use of Time-Lapse Microscopy and Stage-Specific Nuclear Depletion of Proteins to Study Meiosis in S. cerevisiae

Published on: October 11, 2022

Determination of the Mating Efficiency of Haploids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
05:39

Determination of the Mating Efficiency of Haploids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: December 2, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Accurate chromosome segregation is vital for cell division and preventing aneuploidy.
  • Kinetochores are crucial protein-DNA complexes that mediate chromosome-microtubule attachment.
  • The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae serves as a powerful model for studying fundamental cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel components of the kinetochore in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • To investigate the regulatory complexes associated with kinetochore assembly and function.
  • To determine the evolutionary conservation of these kinetochore components and their roles in humans.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic screening in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify mutants with defects in chromosome segregation.
  • Biochemical assays to characterize protein-protein interactions within kinetochore complexes.
  • Comparative genomics to assess the conservation of identified genes and proteins in other species, including humans.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of several functionally novel proteins involved in kinetochore assembly and function.
  • Identification of new regulatory complexes that modulate kinetochore-microtubule interactions.
  • Demonstration that many identified kinetochore components are conserved in humans, suggesting fundamental roles.

Conclusions:

  • The budding yeast provides a valuable system for uncovering conserved mechanisms of chromosome segregation.
  • Novel kinetochore components identified in yeast have implications for understanding human cell division and related disorders.
  • Further research into these conserved elements can illuminate fundamental aspects of mitosis.