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Hormonal changes in mammalian fathers.

K E Wynne-Edwards1

  • 1Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada K7L 3N6.

Hormones and Behavior
|September 6, 2001
PubMed
Summary

Hormones like estradiol, testosterone, prolactin, and oxytocin are linked to paternal behavior in mammals. Research suggests similar brain circuits control this behavior in both male and female parents.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Paternal care is crucial for offspring survival and development in many mammalian species.
  • The neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying paternal behavior are not fully understood.
  • Steroid and peptide hormones are known to influence social and reproductive behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the known and hypothesized relationships between specific hormones and mammalian paternal behavior.
  • To highlight emerging animal models, including nonhuman primates and humans, for studying paternal behavior.
  • To propose a working hypothesis regarding the neuroendocrine basis of paternal behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on hormones and paternal behavior.
  • Analysis of data from animal models, with a focus on nonhuman primates and humans.
  • Synthesis of findings to support or refute current hypotheses.

Main Results:

  • Data suggest that steroid hormones (estradiol, testosterone, cortisol) and peptide hormones (oxytocin, vasopressin, prolactin) play roles in paternal behavior.
  • Emerging evidence from nonhuman primates and humans indicates complex paternal behavior repertoires.
  • Current findings are consistent with the hypothesis of homologous neuroendocrine circuits in males and females.

Conclusions:

  • The neuroendocrinology of paternal behavior is a rapidly developing field.
  • Understanding the hormonal and neural basis of paternal care can provide insights into social behavior evolution.
  • Further research in diverse mammalian models is needed to elucidate these complex relationships.

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