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Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats
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Fluence-related risk coefficients using the Harderian gland data as an example.

S B Curtis1, L W Townsend, J W Wilson

  • 1Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.

Advances in Space Research : the Official Journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR)
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Space travelers face radiation cancer risks from high-energy galactic cosmic rays. A new risk coefficient, the risk cross section, better quantifies this danger than traditional dose equivalents for space missions.

Keywords:
NASA Discipline Number 04-10NASA Discipline Radiation HealthNASA Program Radiation HealthNon-NASA Center

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Area of Science:

  • Space radiation physics and biology
  • Astrobiology and space exploration safety

Background:

  • Space travelers beyond Earth's magnetosphere face risks from high-energy galactic cosmic rays (GCRs).
  • GCRs, particularly high charge (HZE) particles, can cause cellular damage and increase cancer risk.
  • Current risk quantification methods like dose equivalent may be inadequate for space radiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and define a new metric, the fluence-related risk coefficient (risk cross section), for quantifying cancer risk from space radiation.
  • To estimate the cancer risk for astronauts on missions outside Earth's magnetosphere.
  • To assess the contribution of different GCR components to the overall cancer risk.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a new concept: the risk cross section (F), representing cancer risk per unit particle fluence.
  • Utilized the BRYNTRN/GCR shielding code to generate linear energy transfer (LET) spectra.
  • Applied mouse Harderian gland tumor prevalence data to estimate yearly cancer risk under specific shielding conditions.

Main Results:

  • Estimated a yearly cancer prevalence of 0.06 for an idealized mission scenario at solar minimum.
  • Found that 60% of the risk originates from GCR components with atomic numbers (Z) between 10 and 28.
  • Determined that two-thirds of the risk contribution comes from LET components ranging from 10 to 200 keV/micrometers.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed risk cross section offers a more accurate method for quantifying space radiation cancer risks.
  • High-Z GCR particles and specific LET ranges are primary contributors to cancer risk in deep space missions.
  • This research provides crucial data for developing effective radiation shielding and ensuring astronaut safety.