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Biological life-support systems for Mars mission.

J I Gitelson1

  • 1Institute of Biophysics, Krasnoyarsk, USSR.

Advances in Space Research : the Official Journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR)
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Establishing a life support system (LSS) for Mars missions requires creating a closed ecosystem. This study compares physical-chemical and ecological approaches for sustainable human life beyond Earth, proposing an international program for artificial biosphere development.

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Area of Science:

  • Space Exploration
  • Ecology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Human space missions have relied on stocked reserves, not true biosphere egress.
  • Maintaining human life beyond Earth necessitates advanced life support systems (LSS).
  • Physical-chemical LSS approaches are conventional but may not be sufficient for long-term habitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fundamentally solve the challenge of human habitation beyond Earth's biosphere.
  • To compare the merits and demerits of physical-chemical and biological principles for Martian LSS.
  • To propose a program for developing artificial biospheres.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of ecological and physical-chemical principles for LSS.
  • Evaluation of LSS strategies for Mars missions.
  • Review of preceding experience and current situations in artificial biosphere development.

Main Results:

  • Ecological principles offer a fundamental solution for closed ecosystems beyond Earth.
  • Physical-chemical approaches, while proven, have limitations for long-term self-sufficiency.
  • A compromise between physical-chemical and biological systems may be optimal for Mars LSS.

Conclusions:

  • Artificial biospheres are crucial for sustainable human presence on Mars.
  • An international program is recommended due to the complexity and cost of manned LSS experiments.
  • The proposed program aims to advance artificial biosphere creation based on comprehensive analysis.

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