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European EVA decompression sickness risks.

L Vogt1, J Wenzel, A I Skoog

  • 1DLR Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Koln, FRG.

Acta Astronautica
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Astronauts face decompression sickness risk during spacewalks. New procedures using oxygen prebreathing and staged decompression mitigate this risk for the European EVA Space Suit mission.

Area of Science:

  • Aerospace Medicine
  • Human Physiology
  • Space Exploration

Background:

  • The European EVA Space Suit operates at 500 hPa pure oxygen.
  • Hermes spacecraft cabin pressure is 1013 hPa.
  • Pressure reduction poses a Decompression Sickness (DCS) risk to astronauts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop safe decompression procedures for the European EVA scenario.
  • Identify operational values for risk mitigation.
  • Propose prebreathing protocols and medical recommendations.

Main Methods:

  • Critical literature review.
  • Analysis of diving and aerospace medicine research.
  • Application of a single-tissue model with R=1.2 and t1/2=360 minutes.

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Main Results:

  • Proposed oxygen prebreathing times for direct and staged decompression.
  • Identified factors influencing DCS susceptibility.
  • Established an acceptable DCS risk level of approximately 1%.

Conclusions:

  • Safe protective procedures for European EVA are proposed.
  • Recommendations for crew selection, medical monitoring, and therapy are provided.
  • A method for validating proposed risks and procedures is outlined.