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Lunar base extension program and closed loop life support systems.

K Nitta1, H Ohya

  • 1National Aerospace Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan.

Acta Astronautica
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Lunar base construction requires advanced Environmental Control and Life Support Systems (ECLS). Initial outposts will rely on ECLS similar to the space station, with closed-loop systems developed later for sustainability.

Area of Science:

  • Space Exploration
  • Lunar Habitation
  • Life Support Systems

Background:

  • Extensive research exists on lunar base construction.
  • Lunar bases offer scientific opportunities and resource utilization (e.g., 3He, oxygen).
  • Base scale and construction depend on future utilization plans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail ECLS technologies for initial lunar outposts.
  • To outline the design philosophy for closed-loop life support systems.
  • To inform the phased development of sustainable lunar habitats.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of transportation requirements for lunar base elements (20-30 tons).
  • Assessment of current limitations in heavy-lift Earth-to-Moon transportation (e.g., Orbital Transfer Vehicles - OTVs).

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  • Review of phased implementation strategies for life support and food production.

    • Main Results:

    • Initial lunar outposts necessitate robust ECLS, mirroring space station technology.
    • Limited payload capacity necessitates a slow construction rate (approx. 3 elements/year).
    • Food production facilities and closed-loop systems require several years post-habitation initiation.

    Conclusions:

    • Phased development of life support is crucial for lunar base sustainability.
    • ECLS technology is foundational for initial lunar outpost viability.
    • Long-term lunar habitation depends on achieving fully closed-loop systems over 6-7 years.