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Compartment syndromes.

S J Mubarak1, R A Pedowitz, A R Hargens

  • 1University of California, Division of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, San Diego.

Current Orthopaedics
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Compartment syndrome, a condition of high pressure in muscle compartments, impairs tissue blood flow. Prompt treatment via decompressive fasciotomy is crucial to prevent irreversible tissue damage and Volkmann

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Compartment syndrome involves elevated pressure within fascial compartments, compromising tissue perfusion.
  • It can manifest acutely or chronically (exertional) and has diverse etiologies.
  • Prolonged high intramuscular pressure may lead to irreversible tissue injury, including Volkmann's contracture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of acute compartment syndrome.
  • To discuss controversies in critical pressure-time thresholds for surgical decompression.
  • To explore optimal diagnostic methods for measuring intracompartmental pressures.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current scientific knowledge.
Keywords:
NASA Center ARCNASA Discipline CardiopulmonaryNASA Discipline Number 14-10NASA Program Biomedical Research

Related Experiment Videos

  • Discussion of diagnostic techniques for intracompartmental pressure measurement.
  • Analysis of treatment strategies, focusing on decompressive fasciotomy.

    • Main Results:

    • Acute compartment syndrome is characterized by reduced capillary blood perfusion due to high intracompartmental pressure.
    • Decompressive fasciotomy aims to reduce pressure and restore blood flow to ischemic tissues.
    • Debate persists regarding precise pressure-time thresholds and diagnostic accuracy.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of compartment syndrome hinges on timely recognition and pressure reduction.
    • Further research is needed to standardize diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines.
    • Understanding the pathophysiology is key to preventing severe complications like Volkmann's contracture.