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Changes observed in lymphocyte behavior during gravitational unloading.

A Cogoli1

  • 1Institut für Biotechnologie, Gruppe Weltraumbiologie, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland.

ASGSB Bulletin : Publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology
|July 1, 1991
PubMed
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Microgravity significantly depresses human lymphocyte activation, impacting immune responses. Spaceflight stress further reduces lymphocyte activation in astronauts, confirmed by Earth-based studies.

Area of Science:

  • Space biology
  • Immunology
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • Human lymphocyte function is crucial for immune response.
  • Spaceflight presents unique environmental stressors affecting biological systems.
  • Understanding immune cell behavior in microgravity is vital for astronaut health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of microgravity on human lymphocyte activation.
  • To differentiate between in vitro and ex vivo effects of spaceflight on lymphocytes.
  • To explore the role of stress in spaceflight-induced immune alterations.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro experiments exposing purified lymphocytes to microgravity and mitogens.
  • Ex vivo experiments analyzing lymphocytes from astronauts pre- and post-flight.
Keywords:
NASA Discipline Number 00-00NASA Discipline Regulatory PhysiologyNASA Program FlightNon-NASA Center

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  • Comparative studies using Earth-based clinostats (simulated microgravity) and centrifuges (simulated hypergravity).

    • Main Results:

    • In vitro lymphocyte activation was significantly depressed in microgravity.
    • Hypergravity (10g) showed increased lymphocyte activation, potentially due to simultaneous T- and B-lymphocyte activation.
    • Reduced lymphocyte activation in astronauts was linked to physical and psychological spaceflight stress.

    Conclusions:

    • Microgravity profoundly inhibits lymphocyte activation, possibly due to reduced cell adhesion.
    • Spaceflight stress exacerbates immune suppression in astronauts.
    • Findings highlight the need for countermeasures to support astronaut immune health during space missions.