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Polyamines in plant physiology.

A W Galston1, R K Sawhney

  • 1Department of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511-8112.

Plant Physiology
|October 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Plant polyamines like putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are crucial. Stress significantly boosts putrescine levels, suggesting a protective role, while other polyamines are vital for cell division.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biochemistry and molecular biology
  • Cellular stress response mechanisms
  • Plant growth and development

Background:

  • Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) are ubiquitous in plant cells, existing as free cations or conjugated forms.
  • Their concentrations vary widely (micromolar to millimolar) and are highly sensitive to environmental conditions, particularly stress.
  • Biosynthesis and metabolic pathways of major polyamines are well-understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of polyamines in plant stress response.
  • To explore the physiological significance of stress-induced polyamine increases.
  • To examine the potential regulatory functions of polyamines in plant senescence and morphogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of polyamine titers under various environmental stress conditions.
  • Enzymatic activity assays for key polyamine biosynthetic enzymes, such as arginine decarboxylase (ADC) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC).
  • Application of exogenous polyamines to observe effects on plant development.

Main Results:

  • External stress rapidly and dramatically increases arginine decarboxylase activity, leading to over 50-fold increases in putrescine levels within hours in cereals.
  • Polyamines derived from ODC appear essential for DNA replication and cell division.
  • Exogenous polyamine application influences senescence and morphogenesis patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Stress-induced polyamine production, particularly putrescine via ADC, likely serves an adaptive, protective role in plants.
  • Polyamines are implicated as regulators in plant cell division, senescence, and morphogenesis, with growing evidence supporting this function.
Keywords:
NASA Discipline Number 40-10NASA Discipline Plant BiologyNASA Program Space BiologyNon-NASA Center

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