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Flying U.S. science on the U.S.S.R. Cosmos biosatellites.

R W Ballard1, K Rossberg Walker

  • 1Space Life Sciences Payloads Office, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.

ASGSB Bulletin : Publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology
|October 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

The Cosmos Biosatellites offer 14-day unmanned spaceflights for biological research, carrying diverse specimens. Planning requires consideration of automation, power, and recovery limitations for successful space experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Space Biology and Astrobiology
  • Life Sciences in Microgravity

Background:

  • The USSR Cosmos Biosatellites are unmanned orbital missions designed for biological research.
  • These missions provide a 14-day platform for studying cells, tissues, plants, and animals in space.
  • Previous Biosatellite flights demonstrate a reliable platform for space-based life science investigations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present data and operational experience from seven previous Cosmos Biosatellite flights.
  • To outline key considerations for planning flight investigations on the Cosmos Biosatellite platform.
  • To highlight the capabilities and limitations of Biosatellites for biological research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing unmanned Cosmos Biosatellite missions for biological specimen research.

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  • Implementing automated or remotely controlled experimental procedures due to the absence of a crew.
  • Addressing limitations such as available electrical power, late loading, and imprecise recovery times.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful completion of seven Cosmos Biosatellite flights with US participation.
    • Demonstrated capability to carry diverse biological payloads including rodents and rhesus monkeys.
    • Identified critical factors for experiment success, including automation and self-contained power/data systems.

    Conclusions:

    • Cosmos Biosatellites are a valuable, albeit constrained, platform for space biology research.
    • Careful planning regarding automation, power management, and recovery logistics is essential for mission success.
    • The platform offers unique opportunities for studying biological responses to the space environment.