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Processes for water reclamation.

R B Dean1

  • 1Waste Management & Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Waste Management & Research : the Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association, ISWA
|October 1, 1991
PubMed
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Water treatment involves removing specific pollutants or purifying water entirely. For space missions, focusing on broad purification is key, as disinfection alone is insufficient due to microbial transfer routes.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Space Engineering
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Water treatment methods are broadly categorized into specific pollutant removal and comprehensive water purification.
  • Energy-intensive methods like distillation and reverse osmosis (RO) are effective but costly.
  • Wastewater reuse on Earth faces challenges from pathogenic organisms and disease transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review terrestrial water reuse strategies.
  • To assess their applicability for space missions.
  • To inform water management in closed environments like space stations.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of water treatment processes.
  • Analysis of energy requirements and historical usage.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Evaluation of sludge/brine byproducts.
  • Review of terrestrial water reuse case studies.

    • Main Results:

    • Two main water treatment classes exist: specific pollutant removal and comprehensive purification.
    • Comprehensive purification methods (distillation, freezing, RO) are energy-intensive.
    • Pathogen transfer in closed environments (space stations) occurs through multiple routes, reducing the sole emphasis on water disinfection.

    Conclusions:

    • Terrestrial water reuse examples offer insights for space applications.
    • Water management in space requires a holistic approach beyond just disinfection.
    • Energy efficiency and byproduct management are critical considerations for space water recycling.