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Related Experiment Videos

Pituitary cells in space.

W C Hymer1, K Shellenberger, R Grindeland

  • 1Center for Cell Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.

Advances in Space Research : the Official Journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR)
|January 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary
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Spaceflight significantly reduces pituitary gland hormones, including growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL), impacting the musculoskeletal, immune, and endocrine systems. Studies reveal over 50% attenuation in hormone production and altered cell structure.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Space Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mammalian pituitary gland cells secrete protein hormones regulating key bodily systems.
  • Spaceflight induces changes in these tissues.
  • Pituitary growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) are crucial for terrestrial system regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the function of GH and PRL cells during and after spaceflight.
  • Understand the impact of microgravity on pituitary hormone production and cell morphology.
  • Identify potential microgravity sensing mechanisms within pituitary cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of pituitary cell function from 4 spaceflight missions.
  • Utilization of mimicked microgravity experiments.
Keywords:
NASA Center ARCNASA Discipline Cell BiologyNASA Discipline Number 00-00NASA Program FlightNon-NASA Center

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  • Comparison with established terrestrial pituitary cell study methodologies.

    • Main Results:

    • Consistent and significant attenuation (>50%) in the production and release of biologically active GH and PRL.
    • Observed alterations in pituitary cell morphology during and after spaceflight.
    • Data gathered over a 10-year research period.

    Conclusions:

    • Spaceflight profoundly impacts pituitary GH and PRL cell function.
    • Microgravity exposure leads to reduced hormone secretion and morphological changes.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate pituitary microgravity sensing systems for future space exploration.